﻿---
title: Secure your connection to Elasticsearch
description: The Logstash Elasticsearch output, input, and filter plugins,  as well as monitoring and central management, support authentication and encryption over...
url: https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/secure-connection
products:
  - Logstash
---

# Secure your connection to Elasticsearch
The Logstash Elasticsearch [output](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch), [input](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-inputs-elasticsearch), and [filter](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-filters-elasticsearch) plugins,  as well as [monitoring](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/monitoring-logstash) and central management, support authentication and encryption over HTTPS.
Elasticsearch clusters are secured by default (starting in 8.0). You need to configure authentication credentials for Logstash in order to establish communication. Logstash throws an exception and the processing pipeline is halted if authentication fails.
In addition to configuring authentication credentials for Logstash, you need to grant authorized users permission to access the Logstash indices.
Security is enabled by default on the Elasticsearch cluster (starting in 8.0). You must enable TLS/SSL in the Elasticsearch output section of the Logstash configuration in order to allow Logstash to communicate with the Elasticsearch cluster.

## Elasticsearch security on by default

Elasticsearch generates its own default self-signed Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates at startup.
Logstash must establish a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection before it can transfer data to a secured Elasticsearch cluster. Logstash must have a copy of the certificate authority (CA) that signed the Elasticsearch cluster’s certificates. When a new Elasticsearch cluster is started up *without* dedicated certificates, it generates its own default self-signed Certificate Authority at startup. See [Starting the Elastic Stack with security enabled](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/deploy/self-managed/installing-elasticsearch) for more info.
Elasticsearch Service uses certificates signed by standard publicly trusted certificate authorities, and therefore setting a `ssl_certificate_authorities` value is not necessary.

<admonition title="Security to Elastic Cloud Serverless">
  Elasticsearch Serverless simplifies safe, secure communication between Logstash and Elasticsearch.Configure the [Logstash Elasticsearch output plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch) to use [`cloud_id`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-cloud_id) and an [`api_key`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-api_key) to establish safe, secure communication between Logstash and Elasticsearch Serverless. No additional SSL configuration steps are needed.Configuration example:
  - `output {elasticsearch { cloud_id => "<cloud id>" api_key => "<api key>" } }`
  For more details, check out [Grant access using API keys](#ls-api-keys).
</admonition>


<admonition title="Security to hosted Elasticsearch Service">
  Our hosted Elasticsearch Service on Elastic Cloud simplifies safe, secure communication between Logstash and Elasticsearch. When you configure the [Logstash Elasticsearch output plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch) to use [`cloud_id`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-cloud_id) with either the [`cloud_auth` option](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-cloud_auth) or the [`api_key` option](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-api_key), no additional SSL configuration steps are needed. Elastic Cloud Hosted is available on AWS, GCP, and Azure, and you can try it for free at https://cloud.elastic.co/registration.Configuration example:
  - `output {elasticsearch { cloud_id => "<cloud id>" cloud_auth => "<cloud auth>" } }`
  - `output {elasticsearch { cloud_id => "<cloud id>" api_key => "<api key>" } }`
  For more details, check out [Grant access using API keys](#ls-api-keys) or [Sending data to Elastic Cloud Hosted](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/connecting-to-cloud).
</admonition>


### Secure communication with an on-premise Elasticsearch cluster

If you are running Elasticsearch on your own hardware and using the Elasticsearch cluster’s default self-signed certificates, you need to complete a few more steps to establish secure communication between Logstash and Elasticsearch.
You need to:
- Copy the self-signed CA certificate from Elasticsearch and save it to Logstash.
- Configure the elasticsearch-output plugin to use the certificate.

These steps are not necessary if your cluster is using public trusted certificates.

#### Copy and save the certificate

By default an on-premise Elasticsearch cluster generates a self-signed CA and creates its own SSL certificates when it starts. Therefore Logstash needs its own copy of the self-signed CA from the Elasticsearch cluster in order for Logstash to validate the certificate presented by Elasticsearch.
Copy the [self-signed CA certificate](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/deploy/self-managed/installing-elasticsearch#stack-security-certificates) from the Elasticsearch `config/certs` directory.
Save it to a location that Logstash can access, such as `config/certs` on the Logstash instance.

#### Configure the elasticsearch output

Use the [`elasticsearch output`'s](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch) [`ssl_certificate_authorities` option](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch#plugins-outputs-elasticsearch-ssl_certificate_authorities) to point to the certificate’s location.
**Example**
```ruby
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["https://...] 
    ssl_certificate_authorities => ['/etc/logstash/config/certs/ca.crt'] 
  }
}
```

For more information about establishing secure communication with Elasticsearch, see [security is on by default](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/deploy/self-managed/installing-elasticsearch).

### Configuring Logstash to use basic authentication

Logstash needs to be able to manage index templates, create indices, and write and delete documents in the indices it creates.
To set up authentication credentials for Logstash:
1. Use the **Management > Roles** UI in Kibana or the `role` API to create a `logstash_writer` role. For **cluster** privileges, add `manage_index_templates` and `monitor`. For **indices** privileges, add `write`, `create`, and `create_index`.
   Add `manage_ilm` for cluster and `manage` and `manage_ilm` for indices if you plan to use [index lifecycle management](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/manage-data/lifecycle/index-lifecycle-management/ilm-tutorials).
   ```sh
   POST _security/role/logstash_writer
   {
     "cluster": ["manage_index_templates", "monitor", "manage_ilm"], 
     "indices": [
       {
         "names": [ "logstash-*" ], 
         "privileges": ["write","create","create_index","manage","manage_ilm"]  
       }
     ]
   }
   ```
2. Create a `logstash_internal` user and assign it the `logstash_writer` role. You can create users from the **Management > Users** UI in Kibana or through the `user` API:
   ```sh
   POST _security/user/logstash_internal
   {
     "password" : "x-pack-test-password",
     "roles" : [ "logstash_writer"],
     "full_name" : "Internal Logstash User"
   }
   ```
3. Configure Logstash to authenticate as the `logstash_internal` user you just created. You configure credentials separately for each of the Elasticsearch plugins in your Logstash `.conf` file. For example:
   ```js
   input {
     elasticsearch {
       ...
       user => logstash_internal
       password => x-pack-test-password
     }
   }
   filter {
     elasticsearch {
       ...
       user => logstash_internal
       password => x-pack-test-password
     }
   }
   output {
     elasticsearch {
       ...
       user => logstash_internal
       password => x-pack-test-password
     }
   }
   ```


### Granting access to the indices Logstash creates

To access the indices Logstash creates, users need the `read` and `view_index_metadata` privileges:
1. Create a `logstash_reader` role that has the `read` and `view_index_metadata` privileges  for the Logstash indices. You can create roles from the **Management > Roles** UI in Kibana or through the `role` API:
   ```sh
   POST _security/role/logstash_reader
   {
     "cluster": ["manage_logstash_pipelines"],
     "indices": [
       {
         "names": [ "logstash-*" ],
         "privileges": ["read","view_index_metadata"]
       }
     ]
   }
   ```
2. Assign your Logstash users the `logstash_reader` role. If the Logstash user will be using [centralized pipeline management](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/logstash-centralized-pipeline-management), also assign the `logstash_system` role. You can create and manage users from the **Management > Users** UI in Kibana or through the `user` API:
   ```sh
   POST _security/user/logstash_user
   {
     "password" : "x-pack-test-password",
     "roles" : [ "logstash_reader", "logstash_system"], 
     "full_name" : "Kibana User for Logstash"
   }
   ```


### Configuring Logstash to use TLS/SSL encryption

If TLS encryption is enabled on an on premise Elasticsearch cluster, you need to configure the `ssl_enabled` and `ssl_certificate_authorities` options in your Logstash `.conf` file:
```js
output {
  elasticsearch {
    ...
    ssl_enabled => true
    ssl_certificate_authorities => '/path/to/cert.pem' 
  }
}
```

<note>
  Hosted Elasticsearch Service simplifies security. This configuration step is not necessary for hosted Elasticsearch Service on Elastic Cloud. Elastic Cloud Hosted is available on AWS, GCP, and Azure, and you can try it for free at https://cloud.elastic.co/registration.
</note>


### Configuring the Elasticsearch output to use PKI authentication

The `elasticsearch` output supports PKI authentication. To use an X.509 client-certificate for authentication, you configure the `keystore` and `keystore_password` options in your Logstash `.conf` file:
```js
output {
  elasticsearch {
    ...
    ssl_keystore_path => /path/to/keystore.jks
    ssl_keystore_password => realpassword
    ssl_truststore_path =>  /path/to/truststore.jks 
    ssl_truststore_password =>  realpassword
  }
}
```


### Configuring credentials for Logstash monitoring

If you want to monitor your Logstash instance with Elastic Stack monitoring features, and store the monitoring data in a secured Elasticsearch cluster, you must configure Logstash with a username and password for a user with the appropriate permissions.
The security features come preconfigured with a [`logstash_system` built-in user](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/users-roles/cluster-or-deployment-auth/built-in-users) for this purpose. This user has the minimum permissions necessary for the monitoring function, and *should not* be used for any other purpose - it is specifically *not intended* for use within a Logstash pipeline.
By default, the `logstash_system` user does not have a password. The user will not be enabled until you set a password. See [Setting built-in user passwords](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/users-roles/cluster-or-deployment-auth/built-in-users#set-built-in-user-passwords).
Then configure the user and password in the `logstash.yml` configuration file:
```yaml
xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.username: logstash_system
xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.password: t0p.s3cr3t
```

If you initially installed an older version of X-Pack and then upgraded, the `logstash_system` user may have defaulted to `disabled` for security reasons. You can enable the user through the `user` API:
```json
```


### Configuring credentials for Centralized Pipeline Management

If you plan to use Logstash [centralized pipeline management](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/logstash-centralized-pipeline-management), you need to configure the username and password that Logstash uses for managing configurations.
You configure the user and password in the `logstash.yml` configuration file:
```yaml
xpack.management.elasticsearch.username: logstash_admin_user 
xpack.management.elasticsearch.password: t0p.s3cr3t
```


### Grant access using API keys

Instead of using usernames and passwords, you can use API keys to grant access to Elasticsearch resources. You can set API keys to expire at a certain time, and you can explicitly invalidate them. Any user with the `manage_api_key` or `manage_own_api_key` cluster privilege can create API keys.
Tips for creating API keys:
- API keys are tied to the cluster they are created in. If you are sending output to different clusters, be sure to create the correct kind of API key.
- Logstash can send both collected data and monitoring information to Elasticsearch. If you are sending both to the same cluster, you can use the same API key. For different clusters, you need an API key per cluster.
- A single cluster can share a key for ingestion and monitoring.
- A production cluster and a monitoring cluster require separate keys.
- When you create an API key for Logstash, select **Logstash** from the **API key format** dropdown.
  This option formats the API key in the correct `id:api_key` format required by Logstash.
  ![API key format dropdown set to Logstash:](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/reference/logstash/images/logstash_api_key_format.png)
  The UI for API keys may look different depending on the deployment type.

<note>
  For security reasons, we recommend using a unique API key per Logstash instance. You can create as many API keys per user as necessary.
</note>


#### Create an API key

You can create API keys using either the [Create API key API](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-create-api-key) or the [Kibana UI](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/api-keys/elasticsearch-api-keys). This section walks you through creating an API key using the [Create API key API](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-create-api-key). The privileges needed are the same for either approach.
Here is an example that shows how to create an API key for publishing to Elasticsearch using the [Elasticsearch output plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch).
```json

{
  "name": "logstash_host001", <1>
  "role_descriptors": {
    "logstash_writer": { <2>
      "cluster": ["monitor", "manage_ilm", "read_ilm"],
      "index": [
        {
          "names": ["logstash-*"],
          "privileges": ["view_index_metadata", "create_doc"]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
```

The return value should look similar to this:
```json
{
  "id":"TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU", 
  "name":"logstash_host001",
  "api_key":"KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
}
```


##### Create an API key for publishing

You’re in luck! The example we used in the [Create an API key](#ls-create-api-key) section creates an API key for publishing to Elasticsearch using the [Elasticsearch output plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch).
Here’s an example using the API key in your [Elasticsearch output plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch) configuration.
```ruby
output {
  elasticsearch {
    api_key => "TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU:KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
  }
}
```


##### Create an API key for reading

Creating an API key to use for reading data from Elasticsearch is similar to creating an API key for publishing described earlier. You can use the example in the [Create an API key](#ls-create-api-key) section, granting the appropriate privileges.
Here’s an example using the API key in your [Elasticsearch inputs plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-inputs-elasticsearch) configuration.
```ruby
input {
  elasticsearch {
    "api_key" => "TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU:KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
  }
}
```


##### Create an API key for filtering

Creating an API key to use for processing data from Elasticsearch is similar to creating an API key for publishing described earlier. You can use the example in the [Create an API key](#ls-create-api-key) section, granting the appropriate privileges.
Here’s an example using the API key in your [Elasticsearch filter plugin](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/lsr/plugins-filters-elasticsearch) configuration.
```ruby
filter {
  elasticsearch {
    api_key => "TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU:KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
  }
}
```


##### Create an API key for monitoring

To create an API key to use for sending monitoring data to Elasticsearch, use the [Create API key API](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-create-api-key). For example:
```json

{
  "name": "logstash_host001", <1>
  "role_descriptors": {
    "logstash_monitoring": { <2>
      "cluster": ["monitor"],
      "index": [
        {
          "names": [".monitoring-ls-*"],
          "privileges": ["create_index", "create"]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
```

The return value should look similar to this:
```json
{
  "id":"TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU", 
  "name":"logstash_host001",
  "api_key":"KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
}
```

Now you can use this API key in your logstash.yml configuration file:
```yaml
xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.api_key: TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU:KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA 
```


##### Create an API key for central management

To create an API key to use for central management, use the [Create API key API](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-create-api-key). For example:
```json

{
  "name": "logstash_host001", <1>
  "role_descriptors": {
    "logstash_monitoring": { <2>
      "cluster": ["monitor", "manage_logstash_pipelines"]
    }
  }
}
```

The return value should look similar to this:
```json
{
  "id":"TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU", 
  "name":"logstash_host001",
  "api_key":"KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA" 
}
```

Now you can use this API key in your logstash.yml configuration file:
```yaml
xpack.management.elasticsearch.api_key: TiNAGG4BaaMdaH1tRfuU:KnR6yE41RrSowb0kQ0HWoA 
```


#### Learn more about API keys

See the Elasticsearch API key documentation for more information:
- [Create API key](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-create-api-key)
- [Get API key information](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-get-api-key)
- [Invalidate API key](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/operation/operation-security-invalidate-api-key)

See [API Keys](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2646/deploy-manage/api-keys/elasticsearch-api-keys) for info on managing API keys through Kibana.