﻿---
title: ES|QL functions and operators
description: ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories:...
url: https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/esql-functions-operators
products:
  - Elasticsearch
applies_to:
  - Elastic Cloud Serverless: Generally available
  - Elastic Stack: Generally available
---

# ES|QL functions and operators
ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories:

## Functions overview

<dropdown title="Aggregate functions">
  - [`ABSENT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-absent) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`AVG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-avg)
  - [`COUNT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-count)
  - [`COUNT_DISTINCT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-count_distinct)
  - [`MAX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-max)
  - [`MEDIAN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-median)
  - [`MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-median_absolute_deviation)
  - [`MIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-min)
  - [`PERCENTILE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-percentile)
  - [`PRESENT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-present) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`SAMPLE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-sample)
  - [`ST_CENTROID_AGG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-st_centroid_agg) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_EXTENT_AGG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-st_extent_agg) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`STD_DEV`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-std_dev)
  - [`SUM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-sum)
  - [`TOP`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-top)
  - [`VALUES`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-values) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`VARIANCE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-variance)
  - [`WEIGHTED_AVG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-weighted_avg)
  - [`FIRST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-first)
  - [`LAST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions#esql-last)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Time-series aggregate functions">
  - [`ABSENT_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-absent_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`AVG_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-avg_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`COUNT_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-count_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`COUNT_DISTINCT_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-count_distinct_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`DELTA`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-delta) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`DERIV`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-deriv) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`FIRST_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-first_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`IDELTA`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-idelta) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`INCREASE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-increase) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`IRATE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-irate) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`LAST_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-last_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MAX_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-max_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MIN_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-min_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`PERCENTILE_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-percentile_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`PRESENT_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-present_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`RATE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-rate) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`STDDEV_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-stddev_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`SUM_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-sum_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`VARIANCE_OVER_TIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions#esql-variance_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Grouping functions">
  - [`BUCKET`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions#esql-bucket)
  - [`TBUCKET`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions#esql-tbucket)
  - [`CATEGORIZE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions#esql-categorize)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Conditional functions and expressions">
  - [`CASE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-case)
  - [`COALESCE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-coalesce)
  - [`GREATEST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-greatest)
  - [`LEAST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-least)
  - [`CLAMP`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-clamp) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`CLAMP_MIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-clamp_min) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`CLAMP_MAX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions#esql-clamp_max) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Date and time functions">
  - [`DATE_DIFF`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-date_diff)
  - [`DATE_EXTRACT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-date_extract)
  - [`DATE_FORMAT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-date_format)
  - [`DATE_PARSE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-date_parse)
  - [`DATE_TRUNC`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-date_trunc)
  - [`DAY_NAME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-day_name)
  - [`MONTH_NAME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-month_name)
  - [`NOW`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-now)
  - [`TRANGE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions#esql-trange)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="IP functions">
  - [`CIDR_MATCH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions#esql-cidr_match)
  - [`IP_PREFIX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions#esql-ip_prefix)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Math functions">
  - [`ABS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-abs)
  - [`ACOS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-acos)
  - [`ASIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-asin)
  - [`ATAN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-atan)
  - [`ATAN2`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-atan2)
  - [`CBRT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-cbrt)
  - [`CEIL`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-ceil)
  - [`COPY_SIGN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-copy_sign)
  - [`COS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-cos)
  - [`COSH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-cosh)
  - [`E`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-e)
  - [`EXP`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-exp)
  - [`FLOOR`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-floor)
  - [`HYPOT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-hypot)
  - [`LOG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-log)
  - [`LOG10`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-log10)
  - [`PI`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-pi)
  - [`POW`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-pow)
  - [`ROUND`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-round)
  - [`ROUND_TO`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-round_to)
  - [`SCALB`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-scalb)
  - [`SIGNUM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-signum)
  - [`SIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-sin)
  - [`SINH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-sinh)
  - [`SQRT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-sqrt)
  - [`TAN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-tan)
  - [`TANH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-tanh)
  - [`TAU`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions#esql-tau)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Search functions">
  - [`DECAY`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-decay) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`KQL`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-kql)
  - [`MATCH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-match)
  - [`MATCH_PHRASE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-match_phrase)
  - [`QSTR`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-qstr)
  - [`SCORE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-score) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>

  - [`TOP_SNIPPETS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions#esql-top_snippets) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Spatial functions">
  - Geospatial predicates
    - [`ST_DISTANCE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_distance)
  - [`ST_INTERSECTS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_intersects)
  - [`ST_DISJOINT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_disjoint)
  - [`ST_CONTAINS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_contains)
  - [`ST_WITHIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_within)
  - Geometry functions
    - [`ST_X`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_x)
  - [`ST_Y`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_y)
  - [`ST_NPOINTS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_npoints) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_SIMPLIFY`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_simplify) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_ENVELOPE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_envelope) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
    - [`ST_XMAX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_xmax) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_XMIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_xmin) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_YMAX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_ymax) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_YMIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_ymin) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - Grid encoding functions
    - [`ST_GEOTILE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_geotile) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_GEOHEX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_geohex) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_GEOHASH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions#esql-st_geohash) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="String functions">
  - [`BIT_LENGTH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-bit_length)
  - [`BYTE_LENGTH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-byte_length)
  - [`CHUNK`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-chunk)
  - [`CONCAT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-concat)
  - [`CONTAINS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-contains)
  - [`ENDS_WITH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-ends_with)
  - [`FROM_BASE64`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-from_base64)
  - [`HASH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-hash)
  - [`LEFT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-left)
  - [`LENGTH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-length)
  - [`LOCATE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-locate)
  - [`LTRIM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-ltrim)
  - [`MD5`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-md5)
  - [`REPEAT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-repeat)
  - [`REPLACE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-replace)
  - [`REVERSE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-reverse)
  - [`RIGHT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-right)
  - [`RTRIM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-rtrim)
  - [`SHA1`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-sha1)
  - [`SHA256`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-sha256)
  - [`SPACE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-space)
  - [`SPLIT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-split)
  - [`STARTS_WITH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-starts_with)
  - [`SUBSTRING`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-substring)
  - [`TO_BASE64`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-to_base64)
  - [`TO_LOWER`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-to_lower)
  - [`TO_UPPER`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-to_upper)
  - [`TRIM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-trim)
  - [`URL_ENCODE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-url_encode)
  - [`URL_ENCODE_COMPONENT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-url_encode_component)
  - [`URL_DECODE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions#esql-url_decode)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Type conversion functions">
  - [`TO_AGGREGATE_METRIC_DOUBLE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_aggregate_metric_double) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_BOOLEAN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_boolean)
  - [`TO_CARTESIANPOINT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_cartesianpoint)
  - [`TO_CARTESIANSHAPE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_cartesianshape)
  - [`TO_DATEPERIOD`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_dateperiod)
  - [`TO_DATETIME`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_datetime)
  - [`TO_DATE_NANOS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_date_nanos)
  - [`TO_DEGREES`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_degrees)
  - [`TO_DENSE_VECTOR`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_dense_vector) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_DOUBLE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_double)
  - [`TO_GEOHASH`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_geohash) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_GEOHEX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_geohex) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_GEOPOINT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_geopoint)
  - [`TO_GEOSHAPE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_geoshape)
  - [`TO_GEOTILE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_geotile) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_INTEGER`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_integer)
  - [`TO_IP`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_ip)
  - [`TO_LONG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_long)
  - [`TO_RADIANS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_radians)
  - [`TO_STRING`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_string)
  - [`TO_TIMEDURATION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_timeduration)
  - [`TO_UNSIGNED_LONG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_unsigned_long) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_VERSION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions#esql-to_version)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Dense vector functions">
  - [`KNN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-knn) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TEXT_EMBEDDING`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-text_embedding) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`V_COSINE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-v_cosine) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`V_DOT_PRODUCT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-v_dot_product) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`V_HAMMING`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-v_hamming) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`V_L1_NORM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-v_l1_norm) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`V_L2_NORM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions#esql-v_l2_norm) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Multi value functions">
  - [`MV_APPEND`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_append)
  - [`MV_AVG`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_avg)
  - [`MV_CONCAT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_concat)
  - [`MV_CONTAINS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_contains) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_COUNT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_count)
  - [`MV_DEDUPE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_dedupe)
  - [`MV_FIRST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_first)
  - [`MV_INTERSECTION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_intersection) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_INTERSECTS`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_intersects) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_LAST`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_last)
  - [`MV_MAX`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_max)
  - [`MV_MEDIAN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_median)
  - [`MV_MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_median_absolute_deviation)
  - [`MV_MIN`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_min)
  - [`MV_PERCENTILE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_percentile)
  - [`MV_PSERIES_WEIGHTED_SUM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_pseries_weighted_sum)
  - [`MV_SORT`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_sort)
  - [`MV_SLICE`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_slice)
  - [`MV_SUM`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_sum)
  - [`MV_UNION`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_union) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_ZIP`](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions#esql-mv_zip)
</dropdown>


## Operators overview

<dropdown title="Operators">
  - [Binary operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-binary-operators)
  - [Unary operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-unary-operators)
  - [Logical operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-logical-operators)
  - [suffix operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-suffix-operators)
  - [infix operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/2654/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-infix-operators)
</dropdown>