---
title: ES|QL functions and operators
description: ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories:...
url: https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/esql-functions-operators
products:
  - Elasticsearch
applies_to:
  - Elastic Cloud Serverless: Generally available
  - Elastic Stack: Generally available
---

# ES|QL functions and operators
ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories:

## Functions overview

<dropdown title="Aggregate functions">
  - [`ABSENT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/absent) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`AVG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/avg)
  - [`COUNT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/count)
  - [`COUNT_DISTINCT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/count_distinct)
  - [`FIRST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/first) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`LAST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/last) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MAX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/max)
  - [`MEDIAN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/median)
  - [`MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/median_absolute_deviation)
  - [`MIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/min)
  - [`PERCENTILE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/percentile)
  - [`PRESENT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/present) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`SAMPLE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sample) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`SPARKLINE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sparkline) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_CENTROID_AGG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/st_centroid_agg) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_EXTENT_AGG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/st_extent_agg) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`STD_DEV`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/std_dev)
  - [`SUM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sum)
  - [`TOP`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/top)
  - [`VALUES`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/values) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`VARIANCE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/variance)
  - [`WEIGHTED_AVG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/weighted_avg)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Time-series aggregate functions">
  - [`ABSENT_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/absent_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`AVG_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/avg_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`COUNT_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/count_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`COUNT_DISTINCT_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/count_distinct_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`DELTA`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/delta) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`DERIV`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/deriv) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`FIRST_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/first_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`IDELTA`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/idelta) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`INCREASE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/increase) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`IRATE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/irate) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`LAST_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/last_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MAX_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/max_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MIN_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/min_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`PERCENTILE_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/percentile_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`PRESENT_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/present_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`RATE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/rate) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`STDDEV_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/stddev_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`SUM_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/sum_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`VARIANCE_OVER_TIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/variance_over_time) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Grouping functions">
  - [`BUCKET`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/bucket)
  - [`CATEGORIZE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/categorize) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`TBUCKET`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/tbucket) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Conditional functions and expressions">
  - [`CASE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/case)
  - [`COALESCE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/coalesce)
  - [`GREATEST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/greatest)
  - [`LEAST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/least)
  - [`CLAMP`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`CLAMP_MIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp_min) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`CLAMP_MAX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp_max) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Date and time functions">
  - [`DATE_DIFF`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_diff)
  - [`DATE_EXTRACT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_extract)
  - [`DATE_FORMAT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_format)
  - [`DATE_PARSE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_parse)
  - [`DATE_TRUNC`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_trunc)
  - [`DAY_NAME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/day_name) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`MONTH_NAME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/month_name) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`NOW`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/now)
  - [`TRANGE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/trange) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.3</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="IP functions">
  - [`CIDR_MATCH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions/cidr_match)
  - [`IP_PREFIX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions/ip_prefix)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Math functions">
  - [`ABS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/abs)
  - [`ACOS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/acos)
  - [`ACOSH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/acosh)
  - [`ASIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/asin)
  - [`ASINH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/asinh)
  - [`ATAN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atan)
  - [`ATAN2`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atan2)
  - [`ATANH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atanh)
  - [`CBRT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cbrt)
  - [`CEIL`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/ceil)
  - [`COPY_SIGN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/copy_sign) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`COS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cos)
  - [`COSH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cosh)
  - [`E`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/e)
  - [`EXP`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/exp)
  - [`FLOOR`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/floor)
  - [`HYPOT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/hypot)
  - [`LOG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/log)
  - [`LOG10`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/log10)
  - [`PI`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/pi)
  - [`POW`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/pow)
  - [`ROUND`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/round)
  - [`ROUND_TO`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/round_to) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.1</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`SCALB`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/scalb) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`SIGNUM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/signum)
  - [`SIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sin)
  - [`SINH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sinh)
  - [`SQRT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sqrt)
  - [`TAN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tan)
  - [`TANH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tanh)
  - [`TAU`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tau)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Search functions">
  - [`DECAY`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/decay) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`KQL`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/kql) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`MATCH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/match) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`MATCH_PHRASE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/match_phrase) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`QSTR`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/qstr) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1</applies-to>
  - [`SCORE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/score) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>

  - [`TOP_SNIPPETS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/top-snippets) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Spatial functions">
  - Geospatial predicates
    - [`ST_DISTANCE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_distance)
  - [`ST_INTERSECTS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_intersects)
  - [`ST_DISJOINT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_disjoint)
  - [`ST_CONTAINS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_contains)
  - [`ST_WITHIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_within)
  - Geometry functions
    - [`ST_X`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_x)
  - [`ST_Y`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_y)
  - [`ST_NPOINTS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_npoints) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_BUFFER`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_buffer) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_SIMPLIFY`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_simplify) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_SIMPLIFYPRESERVETOPOLOGY`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_simplifypreservetopology) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_GEOMETRYTYPE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geometrytype) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_DIMENSION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_dimension) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_ISEMPTY`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_isempty) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_ENVELOPE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_envelope) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
    - [`ST_XMAX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_xmax) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_XMIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_xmin) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_YMAX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_ymax) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_YMIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_ymin) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - Grid encoding functions
    - [`ST_GEOTILE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geotile) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_GEOHEX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geohex) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`ST_GEOHASH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geohash) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="String functions">
  - [`BIT_LENGTH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/bit_length)
  - [`BYTE_LENGTH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/byte_length)
  - [`CHUNK`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/chunk) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`CONCAT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/concat)
  - [`CONTAINS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/contains) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`ENDS_WITH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/ends_with)
  - [`FROM_BASE64`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/from_base64)
  - [`HASH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/hash)
  - [`JSON_EXTRACT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/json_extract) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`LEFT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/left)
  - [`LENGTH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/length)
  - [`LOCATE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/locate)
  - [`LTRIM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/ltrim)
  - [`MD5`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/md5)
  - [`REPEAT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/repeat)
  - [`REPLACE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/replace)
  - [`REVERSE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/reverse)
  - [`RIGHT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/right)
  - [`RTRIM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/rtrim)
  - [`SHA1`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/sha1)
  - [`SHA256`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/sha256)
  - [`SPACE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/space)
  - [`SPLIT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/split)
  - [`STARTS_WITH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/starts_with)
  - [`SUBSTRING`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/substring)
  - [`TO_BASE64`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_base64)
  - [`TO_LOWER`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_lower)
  - [`TO_UPPER`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_upper)
  - [`TRIM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/trim)
  - [`URL_DECODE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_decode) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`URL_ENCODE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_encode) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
  - [`URL_ENCODE_COMPONENT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_encode_component) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Type conversion functions">
  - [`TO_AGGREGATE_METRIC_DOUBLE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_aggregate_metric_double) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_BOOLEAN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_boolean)
  - [`TO_CARTESIANPOINT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_cartesianpoint)
  - [`TO_CARTESIANSHAPE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_cartesianshape)
  - [`TO_DATEPERIOD`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_dateperiod)
  - [`TO_DATETIME`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_datetime)
  - [`TO_DATE_NANOS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_date_nanos)
  - [`TO_DEGREES`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_degrees)
  - [`TO_DENSE_VECTOR`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_dense_vector) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_DOUBLE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_double)
  - [`TO_EXPONENTIAL_HISTOGRAM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_exponential_histogram) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`TO_GEOHASH`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geohash) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_GEOHEX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geohex) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_GEOPOINT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geopoint)
  - [`TO_GEOSHAPE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geoshape)
  - [`TO_GEOTILE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geotile) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_INTEGER`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_integer)
  - [`TO_IP`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_ip)
  - [`TO_LONG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_long)
  - [`TO_RADIANS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_radians)
  - [`TO_STRING`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_string)
  - [`TO_TDIGEST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_tdigest) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview in 9.3</applies-to>
  - [`TO_TIMEDURATION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_timeduration)
  - [`TO_UNSIGNED_LONG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_unsigned_long) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`TO_VERSION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_version)
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Dense vector functions">
  - Dense vector functions
    - [`KNN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/knn) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`TEXT_EMBEDDING`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/text_embedding) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - Vector similarity functions
    - [`V_COSINE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_cosine) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`V_DOT_PRODUCT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_dot_product) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`V_HAMMING`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_hamming) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`V_L1_NORM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_l1_norm) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
  - [`V_L2_NORM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_l2_norm) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to>
</dropdown>

<dropdown title="Multi value functions">
  - [`MV_APPEND`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_append)
  - [`MV_AVG`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_avg)
  - [`MV_CONCAT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_concat)
  - [`MV_CONTAINS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_contains) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_COUNT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_count)
  - [`MV_DEDUPE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_dedupe)
  - [`MV_FIRST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_first)
  - [`MV_INTERSECTION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_intersection) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_INTERSECTS`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_intersects) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_LAST`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_last)
  - [`MV_MAX`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_max)
  - [`MV_MEDIAN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_median)
  - [`MV_MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_median_absolute_deviation)
  - [`MV_MIN`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_min)
  - [`MV_PERCENTILE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_percentile)
  - [`MV_PSERIES_WEIGHTED_SUM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_pseries_weighted_sum)
  - [`MV_SORT`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_sort)
  - [`MV_SLICE`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_slice)
  - [`MV_SUM`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_sum)
  - [`MV_UNION`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_union) <applies-to>Elastic Stack: Planned</applies-to> <applies-to>Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview</applies-to>
  - [`MV_ZIP`](https://www.elastic.co/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_zip)
</dropdown>


## Operators overview

<dropdown title="Operators">
  - [Binary operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-binary-operators)
  - [Unary operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-unary-operators)
  - [Logical operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-logical-operators)
  - [suffix operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-suffix-operators)
  - [infix operators](/elastic/docs-builder/docs/3016/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-infix-operators)
</dropdown>