--- title: ES|QL functions and operators description: ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories:... url: https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/esql-functions-operators products: - Elasticsearch applies_to: - Elastic Cloud Serverless: Generally available - Elastic Stack: Generally available --- # ES|QL functions and operators ES|QL provides a comprehensive set of functions and operators for working with data. The reference documentation is divided into the following categories: ## Functions overview ### Aggregate functions - [`ABSENT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/absent) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Returns true if the input expression yields no non-null values. - [`AVG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/avg) Returns the average of a numeric field. - [`COUNT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/count) Returns the total number of input values. - [`COUNT_DISTINCT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/count_distinct) Returns the approximate number of distinct values. - [`EARLIEST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/earliest) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Returns the earliest value of a field sorted by timestamp. - [`FIRST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/first) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Returns the earliest occurrence of a field based on a sort field. - [`LAST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/last) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Returns the latest occurrence of a field based on a sort field. - [`LATEST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/latest) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Returns the latest value of a field sorted by timestamp. - [`MAX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/max) Returns the maximum value of a field. - [`MEDIAN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/median) Returns the median value of a numeric field. - [`MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/median_absolute_deviation) Returns the median absolute deviation, a robust measure of variability. - [`MIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/min) Returns the minimum value of a field. - [`PERCENTILE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/percentile) Returns the value at which a certain percentage of observed values occur. - [`PRESENT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/present) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Returns true if the input expression yields any non-null values. - [`SAMPLE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sample) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Collects sample values for a field. - [`SPARKLINE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sparkline) Elastic Stack: Planned Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Computes y-axis values of a sparkline graph for an aggregation over time. - [`ST_CENTROID_AGG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/st_centroid_agg) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates the spatial centroid over a field with geometry type. - [`ST_EXTENT_AGG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/st_extent_agg) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates the spatial extent bounding box over a field with geometry type. - [`STD_DEV`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/std_dev) Returns the population standard deviation of a numeric field. - [`SUM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/sum) Returns the sum of a numeric expression. - [`TOP`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/top) Collects the top values for a field, including repeated values. - [`VALUES`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/values) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Returns unique deduplicated values as a multivalued field. - [`VARIANCE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/variance) Returns the population variance of a numeric field. - [`WEIGHTED_AVG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/aggregation-functions/weighted_avg) Returns the weighted average of a numeric expression. ### Time-series aggregate functions - [`ABSENT_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/absent_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the absence of a field over a time range. - [`AVG_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/avg_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the average over time of a numeric field. - [`COUNT_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/count_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the count over time value of a field. - [`COUNT_DISTINCT_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/count_distinct_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the count of distinct values over time for a field. - [`DELTA`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/delta) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the absolute change of a gauge field in a time window. - [`DERIV`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/deriv) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Calculates the derivative over time of a numeric field using linear regression. - [`FIRST_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/first_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the earliest value of a field over a time window. - [`IDELTA`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/idelta) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the absolute change between the last two data points of a gauge. - [`INCREASE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/increase) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the absolute increase of a counter field in a time window. - [`IRATE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/irate) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the per-second rate of increase between the last two data points. - [`LAST_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/last_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the latest value of a field over a time window. - [`MAX_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/max_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the maximum value of a field over a time window. - [`MIN_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/min_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the minimum value of a field over a time window. - [`PERCENTILE_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/percentile_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Calculates the percentile over time of a field. - [`PRESENT_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/present_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the presence of a field over a time range. - [`RATE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/rate) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the per-second average rate of increase of a counter. - [`STDDEV_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/stddev_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Calculates the population standard deviation over time of a numeric field. - [`SUM_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/sum_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the sum over time value of a field. - [`VARIANCE_OVER_TIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/time-series-aggregation-functions/variance_over_time) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Calculates the population variance over time of a numeric field. ### Grouping functions - [`BUCKET`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/bucket) Creates groups of values (buckets) from a datetime or numeric input. - [`CATEGORIZE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/categorize) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Groups text messages into categories of similarly formatted text values. - [`TBUCKET`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/tbucket) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Creates timestamp-based buckets aligned to calendar boundaries. - [`WITHOUT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/grouping-functions/without) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Generally available ### Conditional functions and expressions - [`CASE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/case) Returns the value for the first condition that evaluates to true. - [`COALESCE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/coalesce) Returns the first of its arguments that is not null. - [`GREATEST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/greatest) Returns the maximum value from multiple columns. - [`LEAST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/least) Returns the minimum value from multiple columns. - [`CLAMP`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Clamps values to a specified minimum and maximum range. - [`CLAMP_MIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp_min) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Clamps input values to a lower bound, raising any value below min to min. - [`CLAMP_MAX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/conditional-functions-and-expressions/clamp_max) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Clamps input values to an upper bound, reducing any value above max to max. ### Date and time functions - [`DATE_DIFF`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_diff) Returns the difference between two timestamps in the specified unit. - [`DATE_EXTRACT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_extract) Extracts parts of a date, like year, month, day, hour. - [`DATE_FORMAT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_format) Returns a string representation of a date, in the provided format. - [`DATE_PARSE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_parse) Parses a string into a date using the specified format. - [`DATE_TRUNC`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/date_trunc) Rounds down a date to the closest interval. - [`DAY_NAME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/day_name) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Returns the name of the weekday for a date. - [`MONTH_NAME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/month_name) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Returns the month name for a date. - [`NOW`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/now) Returns current date and time. - [`TRANGE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/date-time-functions/trange) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.3 Filters data for a given time range using the @timestamp attribute. ### IP functions - [`CIDR_MATCH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions/cidr_match) Returns true if the provided IP is contained in one of the provided CIDR blocks. - [`IP_PREFIX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/ip-functions/ip_prefix) Truncates an IP to a given prefix length. ### Math functions - [`ABS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/abs) Returns the absolute value of a number. - [`ACOS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/acos) Returns the arccosine of a number. - [`ACOSH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/acosh) Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. - [`ASIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/asin) Returns the arcsine of a number. - [`ASINH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/asinh) Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. - [`ATAN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atan) Returns the arctangent of a number. - [`ATAN2`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atan2) Returns the two-argument arctangent of y and x coordinates. - [`ATANH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/atanh) Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. - [`CBRT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cbrt) Returns the cube root of a number. - [`CEIL`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/ceil) Rounds a number up to the nearest integer. - [`COPY_SIGN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/copy_sign) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Combines the magnitude of one number with the sign of another. - [`COS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cos) Returns the cosine of an angle. - [`COSH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/cosh) Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. - [`E`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/e) Returns the mathematical constant e. - [`EXP`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/exp) Returns the value of e raised to the power of the given number. - [`FLOOR`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/floor) Rounds a number down to the nearest integer. - [`HYPOT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/hypot) Returns the hypotenuse of two numbers. - [`LOG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/log) Returns the logarithm of a value to a base. - [`LOG10`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/log10) Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. - [`PI`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/pi) Returns the mathematical constant pi. - [`POW`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/pow) Returns a value raised to the power of an exponent. - [`ROUND`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/round) Rounds a number to the specified number of decimal places. - [`ROUND_TO`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/round_to) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.1 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Rounds down to one of a list of fixed points. - [`SCALB`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/scalb) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Returns the result of multiplying a number by 2 raised to a scale factor. - [`SIGNUM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/signum) Returns the sign of the given number. - [`SIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sin) Returns the sine of an angle. - [`SINH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sinh) Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. - [`SQRT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/sqrt) Returns the square root of a number. - [`TAN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tan) Returns the tangent of an angle. - [`TANH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tanh) Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number. - [`TAU`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/math-functions/tau) Returns the mathematical constant tau. ### Search functions - [`DECAY`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/decay) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates a relevance score that decays with distance from a target origin. - [`KQL`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/kql) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Performs a KQL query and returns true if it matches the row. - [`MATCH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/match) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Performs a match query on the specified field. - [`MATCH_PHRASE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/match_phrase) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Performs a match_phrase query on the specified field. - [`QSTR`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/qstr) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.0 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.1 Performs a query string query and returns true if it matches the row. - [`SCORE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/score) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Returns relevance scores for full text function expressions. - [`TOP_SNIPPETS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/search-functions/top-snippets) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts the best snippets for a query string from a text field. ### Spatial functions - Geospatial predicates - [`ST_DISTANCE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_distance) Computes the distance between two points. - [`ST_INTERSECTS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_intersects) Returns true if two geometries intersect. - [`ST_DISJOINT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_disjoint) Returns whether two geometries are disjoint, sharing no points in common. - [`ST_CONTAINS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_contains) Returns whether the first geometry contains the second geometry. - [`ST_WITHIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_within) Returns whether the first geometry is within the second geometry. - Geometry functions - [`ST_X`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_x) Extracts the x coordinate from the supplied point. - [`ST_Y`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_y) Extracts the y coordinate from the supplied point. - [`ST_NPOINTS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_npoints) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Counts the number of points in the supplied geometry. - [`ST_BUFFER`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_buffer) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Computes a buffer area around the input geometry at the specified distance. - [`ST_SIMPLIFY`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_simplify) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Simplifies the input geometry using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm with a specified tolerance. - [`ST_SIMPLIFYPRESERVETOPOLOGY`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_simplifypreservetopology) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Simplifies the input geometry using a topology-preserving Douglas-Peucker algorithm. - [`ST_GEOMETRYTYPE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geometrytype) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Returns the geometry type of the supplied geometry as a string. - [`ST_DIMENSION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_dimension) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Returns the topological dimension of the supplied geometry. - [`ST_ISEMPTY`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_isempty) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Returns true if the supplied geometry is empty. - [`ST_ENVELOPE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_envelope) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Determines the minimum bounding box of the supplied geometry. - [`ST_XMAX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_xmax) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts the maximum x coordinate from the supplied geometry. - [`ST_XMIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_xmin) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts the minimum x coordinate from the supplied geometry. - [`ST_YMAX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_ymax) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts the maximum y coordinate from the supplied geometry. - [`ST_YMIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_ymin) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts the minimum y coordinate from the supplied geometry. - Grid encoding functions - [`ST_GEOTILE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geotile) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates the geotile of the supplied geo_point at the specified precision. - [`ST_GEOHEX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geohex) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates the geohex (H3 cell-id) of the supplied geo_point at the specified precision. - [`ST_GEOHASH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/spatial-functions/st_geohash) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Calculates the geohash of the supplied geo_point at the specified precision. ### String functions - [`BIT_LENGTH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/bit_length) Returns the bit length of a string. - [`BYTE_LENGTH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/byte_length) Returns the byte length of a string. - [`CHUNK`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/chunk) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Splits a text field into smaller chunks. - [`CONCAT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/concat) Concatenates two or more strings. - [`CONTAINS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/contains) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Checks whether a keyword substring is contained within another string. - [`ENDS_WITH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/ends_with) Checks whether a keyword string ends with another string. - [`FROM_BASE64`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/from_base64) Decodes a base64 string. - [`HASH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/hash) Computes the hash of the input using a specified algorithm. - [`JSON_EXTRACT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/json_extract) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Extracts a value from a JSON string using JSONPath syntax. - [`LEFT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/left) Returns a substring of the specified length from the left side of a string. - [`LENGTH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/length) Returns the character length of a string. - [`LOCATE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/locate) Returns the position of a keyword substring within another string. - [`LTRIM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/ltrim) Removes leading whitespaces from a string. - [`MD5`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/md5) Computes the MD5 hash of the input. - [`REPEAT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/repeat) Returns a string repeated a specified number of times. - [`REPLACE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/replace) Replaces regular expression matches in a string with a replacement string. - [`REVERSE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/reverse) Returns the input string in reverse order. - [`RIGHT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/right) Returns a substring of the specified length from the right side of a string. - [`RTRIM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/rtrim) Removes trailing whitespaces from a string. - [`SHA1`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/sha1) Computes the SHA1 hash of the input. - [`SHA256`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/sha256) Computes the SHA256 hash of the input. - [`SPACE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/space) Returns a string made of the specified number of spaces. - [`SPLIT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/split) Splits a single valued string into multiple strings. - [`STARTS_WITH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/starts_with) Checks whether a keyword string starts with another string. - [`SUBSTRING`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/substring) Returns a substring of a string, specified by a start position and an optional length. - [`TO_BASE64`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_base64) Encodes a string to a base64 string. - [`TO_LOWER`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_lower) Returns a new string converted to lower case. - [`TO_UPPER`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/to_upper) Returns a new string converted to upper case. - [`TRIM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/trim) Removes leading and trailing whitespaces from a string. - [`URL_DECODE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_decode) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 Decodes a URL-encoded string. - [`URL_ENCODE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_encode) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 URL-encodes a string with spaces encoded as plus signs. - [`URL_ENCODE_COMPONENT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/string-functions/url_encode_component) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.2 URL-encodes a string with spaces encoded as percent codes. ### Type conversion functions - [`TO_AGGREGATE_METRIC_DOUBLE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_aggregate_metric_double) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts a numeric value to an aggregate_metric_double. - [`TO_BOOLEAN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_boolean) Converts a value to a boolean. - [`TO_CARTESIANPOINT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_cartesianpoint) Converts a value to a cartesian_point. - [`TO_CARTESIANSHAPE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_cartesianshape) Converts a value to a cartesian_shape. - [`TO_COUNTER`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_counter) Elastic Stack: Planned Converts a numeric value to its counter type equivalent. - [`TO_DATEPERIOD`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_dateperiod) Converts a value to a date_period. - [`TO_DATETIME`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_datetime) Converts a value to a date. - [`TO_DATE_NANOS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_date_nanos) Converts a value to a nanosecond-resolution date. - [`TO_DEGREES`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_degrees) Converts a number in radians to degrees. - [`TO_DENSE_VECTOR`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_dense_vector) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts numbers or a hexadecimal string to a dense_vector. - [`TO_DOUBLE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_double) Converts a value to a double. - [`TO_EXPONENTIAL_HISTOGRAM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_exponential_histogram) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Converts histogram-like values to an exponential histogram. - [`TO_GAUGE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_gauge) Elastic Stack: Planned Converts a counter value to its gauge numeric equivalent. - [`TO_GEOHASH`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geohash) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts a value to a geohash. - [`TO_GEOHEX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geohex) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts a value to a geohex. - [`TO_GEOPOINT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geopoint) Converts a value to a geo_point. - [`TO_GEOSHAPE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geoshape) Converts a value to a geo_shape. - [`TO_GEOTILE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_geotile) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts a value to a geotile. - [`TO_INTEGER`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_integer) Converts a value to an integer. - [`TO_IP`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_ip) Converts a string to an IP value. - [`TO_LONG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_long) Converts a value to a long. - [`TO_RADIANS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_radians) Converts a number in degrees to radians. - [`TO_STRING`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_string) Converts a value to a string. - [`TO_TDIGEST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_tdigest) Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4, Elastic Stack: Preview in 9.3 Converts an untyped histogram to a TDigest. - [`TO_TIMEDURATION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_timeduration) Converts a value to a time_duration. - [`TO_UNSIGNED_LONG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_unsigned_long) Elastic Stack: Preview Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Converts a value to an unsigned long. - [`TO_VERSION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/type-conversion-functions/to_version) Converts a string to a version value. ### Dense vector functions - Dense vector functions - [`EMBEDDING`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/embedding) Elastic Stack: Planned Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview Generates dense vector embeddings from multimodal input using an inference endpoint. - [`KNN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/knn) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Finds the k nearest vectors to a query vector using a similarity metric. - [`TEXT_EMBEDDING`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/text_embedding) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Generates dense vector embeddings from text input using an inference endpoint. - Vector similarity functions - [`V_COSINE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_cosine) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the cosine similarity between two dense_vectors. - [`V_DOT_PRODUCT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_dot_product) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the dot product between two dense_vectors. - [`V_HAMMING`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_hamming) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the Hamming distance between two dense vectors. - [`V_L1_NORM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_l1_norm) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the L1 norm (Manhattan distance) between two dense_vectors. - [`V_L2_NORM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/dense-vector-functions/v_l2_norm) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Stack: Generally available since 9.4 Calculates the L2 norm (Euclidean distance) between two dense_vectors. ### Multi value functions - [`MV_APPEND`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_append) - [`MV_AVG`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_avg) - [`MV_CONCAT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_concat) - [`MV_CONTAINS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_contains) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.2 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview - [`MV_COUNT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_count) - [`MV_DEDUPE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_dedupe) - [`MV_DIFFERENCE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_difference) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview - [`MV_FIRST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_first) - [`MV_INTERSECTION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_intersection) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview - [`MV_INTERSECTS`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_intersects) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.3 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview - [`MV_LAST`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_last) - [`MV_MAX`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_max) - [`MV_MEDIAN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_median) - [`MV_MEDIAN_ABSOLUTE_DEVIATION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_median_absolute_deviation) - [`MV_MIN`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_min) - [`MV_PERCENTILE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_percentile) - [`MV_PSERIES_WEIGHTED_SUM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_pseries_weighted_sum) - [`MV_SORT`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_sort) - [`MV_SLICE`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_slice) - [`MV_SUM`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_sum) - [`MV_UNION`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_union) Elastic Stack: Preview since 9.4 Elastic Cloud Serverless: Preview - [`MV_ZIP`](https://docs-v3-preview.elastic.dev/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/mv-functions/mv_zip) ## Operators overview - [Binary operators](/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-binary-operators) - [Unary operators](/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-unary-operators) - [Logical operators](/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-logical-operators) - [suffix operators](/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-suffix-operators) - [infix operators](/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/151137/reference/query-languages/esql/functions-operators/operators#esql-infix-operators)